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Partial Knee Replacement, also known as unicompartmental knee replacement, is a type of surgical operation to treat arthritis or damaged compartments of the knee joints without causing any harm to healthy parts of the knee in the human body. The steps and essential terms for partial knee replacement are given below as follows –
Diagnosis and Evaluation – In the very first evaluation, a patient is examined by a surgeon to detect their health condition. In this procedure, X-rays, physical examinations, different diagnosis tests, previous medical records, checkups, MRI, and CT Scans are taken by the demand of the surgeons of the patient to check if they are suitable for the surgery of partial knee replacement or not.
Preoperative Preparation - After it is detected that the patient is suitable for the surgery, they need to go under preoperative preparation, which involves some medical procedure to be followed, such as ensuring the current health condition of the patient just before the surgery and their underlying health conditions.
Anesthesia – On the present day of the partial knee replacement surgery, anesthesia of a patient is being conducted. The type of anesthesia that is done for the patient is examined through their medical tests, reports, and current health condition. Either general anesthesia ( which allows the patient to be asleep ) or regional anesthesia ( where spinal or epidural anesthesia) is done.
Incision and Exposure – An incision is made on the affected knee of the patient by the surgeons to know more about the damaged parts of the knee. The procedure of incision is performed very carefully so that other knee tissues which are functioning correctly do not get harmed by the incision.
Resurfacing and Implantation – The damaged portions of the knee joint, which also includes the affected bones and cartilage, are removed. Hence, the vacant surface is then reshaped to prepare them for implantation. Implantation is done with the help of plastic or metal.
Closure – After the implantation is done, the incision is closed with the help of staples or sutures, and later, after this, a sterile dressing is applied to the knee of the patient.
Postoperative Care - After the surgery, the patient is monitored during the recovery process until and unless the effect of anesthesia lasts. To prevent infection and pain, various types of medicines are prescribed by the doctor to the patient. Later, rehabilitation and physical therapies are initiated by the doctors for the patient’s strength regain, for the proper functioning and range of motion of the knees.
Follow-Up and Recovery – After the surgery and rehabilitation process, several dates are scheduled to visit the surgeon to monitor the patient's recovery and progress of their healing after surgery. Patients are guided through a personal recovery plan and diet, which includes different types of physical therapies and other terms.
It is essential to keep in mind that the conventional approach for partial knee replacement may be distinctive because it depends on surgeon preferences, severity, condition and other terms with the patient. There are different types of surgical advancements and robotic assistance to enhance the best outcomes for the patient after the surgery.
